Heat transfer from nanoparticles for targeted destruction of infectious organisms

© 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Whereas the application of optically or magnetically heated nanoparticles to destroy tumours is now well established, the extension of this concept to target pathogens has barely begun. Here we examine the challenge of targeting pathogens by this means and, in particular, explore the issues of power density and heat transfer. Depending on the rate of heating, either hyperthermia or thermoablation may occur. This division of the field is fundamental and implies very different sources of excitation and heat transfer for the two modes, and different strategies for their clinical application. Heating by isolated nanoparticles and by agglomerates of nanoparticles is compared: hyperthermia is much more readily achieved with agglomerates and for large target volumes, a factor which favours magnetic excitation and moderate power densities. In contrast, destruction of planktonic pathogens is best achieved by localised thermoablation and very high power density, a scenario that is best delivered by pulsed optical excitation

Raman Spectroscopy for Analysis of Implants from the Dura Mater

In this paper we present results of the comparative evaluation of the structural properties of the dura mater specimens (DM), manufactured using the ”Lioplast” technology, used in the clinic in the field of atrophic processes in multiple gums recessions, using the Raman spectroscopy (RS) method. The introduced coefficients and a two-dimensional analysis that showed that the processing retains the main components and removes DNA / RNA, which increases the quality that provides access to quality materials in the treatment of multiple gum recessions. It was found that the main differences appear at wavenumbers of 835 cm−1 (tyrosine), 855 cm−1 (proline), 940 and 1167 cm−1 (GAGs, CSPGs), 1240 cm−1 (amide III), 1560 cm−1 (amide II) and 1447 cm−1 (lipids and proteins). It is shown that Raman spectroscopy can be used to evaluate implants from the dura mater. Keywords: Raman spectroscopy, dura mater, biomaterial, spectral analysis

Spectral Studies of Rat Bone Tissue in Modeling Osteoporosis and Effectiveness of Treatment By Hydroxyapatite

Presents the result of experiments on the study of the model of osteoporosis in rats using Raman spectroscopy and the effectiveness of its treatment with hydroxyapatite. Were revealed spectral differences between groups of samples (control group, group with the model of osteoporosis and a group with the model of osteoporosis after treatment with hydroxyapatite). In addition, optical coefficients were introduced to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. Keywords: Raman spectroscopy, optical coefficients, osteoporosis, hydroxyapatite, collagen matri

The application of the Raman Spectroscopy Method for Evaluating Implants from the Dura Mater

The results of a comparative spectral evaluation of the component composition of the surfaces of implants from the dura mater manufactured using the Lioplast technology with the use of ultrasound and sterilization are presented. Based on the analysis, coefficients were introduced reflecting the change in the relative concentration of components that determine the quality of the implants. It is established that Raman spectroscopy can be used to assess the change in the composition of implants based on the dura mater during their manufacture. Keywords: Raman spectroscopy, coefficients, spectral features, implants, dura mater

Психологический анализ экстремальных ситуаций в профессиональной деятельности работников Государственной уголовно-исполнительной службы Украины

Розкрито специфіку професійної діяльності працівників Державної кримінально-виконавчої служби України (ДКВС). Охарактеризовано екстремальні ситуації, що виникають у цій діяльності, та психологічні наслідки діяльності працівників ДКВС в особливих умовах. Обґрунтовано напрями професійно-психологічної підготовки працівників ДКВС. Запропоновано розробити і впровадити цілісну програму психологічного супроводження розвитку стресостійкості та саморегуляції у працівників ДКВС.The specifics of professional activity of the employees of the State Penitentiary Service of Ukraine (SPS of Ukraine) have been revealed. It has been noted that specific features of professional activity of the employees of the State Penitentiary Service of Ukraine are due to: specific conditions of official activity; shortcomings in the organization of official activities; the presence of risk; constant communication with convicts; the occurrence of negative personal changes of employees; the presence of conflict interaction between the various services of penitentiary institutions. The extreme situations that arise in this activity and psychological consequences of the activity of the employees of the State Penitentiary Service of Ukraine in special conditions have been characterized. The author has distinguished the following types of extreme situations: transitive; ongoing; with the element of uncertainty; those that need readiness for extreme actions; those that simultaneously include unexpectedness and lack of time; with the receipt of false information; dominant state; critical situations. The stress-factors affecting the employees of the State Penitentiary Service of Ukraine in extreme situations of professional activity have been provided. Psychological consequences of the activity of the employees of the State Penitentiary Service of Ukraine in extreme conditions of professional activity include: the state of anxiety associated with manifestations of psycho-somatic illness; the state of fatigue that is manifested in the impossibility of performing professional activity; cases of “shock”, the emergence of which is associated with emergency situations; asocial behavior, which is manifested in the inflexibility or, vice versa, in the employee’s oppression. The directions of professional and psychological training of the employees of the State Penitentiary Service of Ukraine have been substantiated. The development and implementation of an integral program of psychological support for the development of the ability to cope with stress and self-regulation among the employees of the State Penitentiary Service of Ukraine has been offered.Раскрыта специфика профессиональной деятельности работников Государственной уголовно-исполнительной службы Украины (ГУИС). Охарактеризованы экстремальные ситуации, возникающие в этой деятельности, и психологические последствия деятельности работников ГУИС в особых условиях. Обоснованы направления профессионально-психологической подготовки сотрудников ГУИС. Предложено разработать и внедрить целостную программу психологического сопровождения развития стрессоустойчивости и саморегуляции у работников ГУИС

Spectral Analysis of Structural Changes of the Heart Valves at Different Stages of Their Decellularization

Presents the results of applying the method of Raman spectroscopy for the qualitative analysis of the surfaces of the heart valve of sheep before and during their decellularization. Optical analysis showed that the implementation of decellularization valves reduces the content of glycosaminoglycans, proteins and lipids. Found that using specified optical coefficients, it is possible to control the efficiency of the process of decellularization heart valves. Keywords: Raman spectroscopy, heart valve, optical coefficient, decellularization, spectral analysis

Analysis of Synovial Fluid for Study of Diseases of Joints Using the Method of Raman Spectroscopy

This paper presents the results of experimental studies using the synovial fluid Raman spectroscopy method, which was obtained from the joint cavity during the operation. By analyzing the composition of the synovial fluid, it was found that with the development of the degenerative-dystrophic process in the synovial fluid of the affected joint, the total number of components at wave numbers: 1155 cm-1 (Hyaluronic acid (C-O, C-C)) and 1250 cm-1 (Amide III). The introduced optical coefficients allow estimating the synovial fluid in osteoarthritis and further this method of Raman spectroscopy can become a new diagnostic screening for the detection of articular pathology. Keywords: Raman spectroscopy, osteoarthrosis, synovial flui

Structure of the local environment of titanium atoms in multicomponent nitride coatings produced by plasma-ion techniques

An experiment was performed to examine the X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (XANES) and the Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) near the K-edge of titanium in nanocrystalline titanium nitride coatings containing additives of copper, silicon, and aluminum. Using the observation data, the structure parameters of the local environment of titanium atoms have been estimated for the coatings. According to crystallographic data, the Ti-N distance in the bulk phase of titanium nitride is 2.12 Å and the Ti-Ti distance is 3.0 Å. Nearly these values have been obtained for the respective parameters of the coatings. The presence of copper as an additive in a TiN coating increases the Ti-N distance inappreciably compared to that estimated for titanium nitride, whereas addition of silicon decreases the bond distance. It has been revealed that the copper and silicon atoms in Ti-Cu-N and Ti-Si-N coatings do not enter into the crystallographic phase of titanium nitride and do not form bonds with titanium and nitrogen, whereas the aluminum atoms in Ti-Al-N coatings form intermetallic phases with titanium and nitride phases